Answer: Number 2, Example A: Checks and balances: Example B: Separation of powers.
Explanation: Since congress has to pass laws that are given to them or proposed, and the Supreme Court can invalidate laws that violate the constitution, its a system of checks and balances and separation of powers. The separation of powers comes from the fact that only congress can pass new laws. The Supreme Court, judicial branch, et cetera cannot pass laws.
